Table 1

Changes in mRNA expression levels of metabolism-related genes in HepG2-tet-off-hPPAR cells by ligands. Microarray analyses were performed on HepG2-tet-off-hPPAR cells; the cells were cultured in the presence (Dox) or absence of Dox for 5 days. In the absence of Dox, the cells were treated with PPAR ligands (100 μM fenofibric acid for PPARα (Feno), 100 nM GW501516 for PPARδ (GW) or 10 μM ciglitizone for PPARγ (Cig)) or vehicle (DMSO) for 24 h. Gene expression profiles were compared between DMSO and Dox (DMSO versus Dox), ligands and Dox (Feno versus Dox, GW versus Dox, and Cig versus Dox were indicated in the case of PPARα, PPARδ and PPARγ, respectively) or ligands and DMSO (Feno versus DMSO, GW versus DMSO, and Cig versus DMSO were indicated in the case of PPARα, PPARδ and PPARγ, respectively). Samples were analysed using GeneChip® software Microarray Suite (MAS) Ver.5.0 (Affymetrix).
Gene
 Genbank accession No.
 PPARα
 PPARδ
 PPARγ1
 PPARγ2




Fold change
 Fold change
 Fold change
 Fold change




DMSO vs. Dox
 Feno vs. Dox
 Feno vs. DMSO
 DMSO vs. Dox
 GW vs. Dox
 GW vs. DMSO
 DMSO vs. Dox
 Cig vs. Dox
 Cig vs. DMSO
 DMSO vs. Dox
 Cig vs. Dox
 Cig vs. DMSO
Fatty acid metabolism












acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1
 NM_001995
 1.84
 3.49
 1.90
 0.82
 1.72
 2.09
 0.88
 2.30
 2.60
 0.82
 1.00
 1.23
carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (liver)
 NM_001876
 1.48
 2.86
 1.93
 0.37
 2.05
 5.60
 0.74
 1.35
 1.83
 1.12
 1.24
 1.10
solute carrier family 25 (carnitine/acylcarnitine translocase), member 20
 NM_000387
 1.20
 2.23
 1.85
 0.91
 1.36
 1.50
 0.83
 0.93
 1.12
 1.04
 1.27
 1.22
acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, very long chain
 NM_000018
 2.16
 3.46
 1.60
 0.92
 2.69
 2.93
 1.36
 1.97
 1.45
 1.55
 2.33
 1.50
acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, C-4 to C-12 straight chain
 NM_000016
 1.62
 2.52
 1.56
 0.64
 2.03
 3.16
 1.24
 1.48
 1.20
 1.40
 1.80
 1.29
hydroxyacyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase/3-ketoacyl-Coenzyme A thiolase/enoyl-Coenzyme A hydratase (trifunctional protein), alpha subunit
 NM_000182
 1.48
 2.43
 1.65
 0.89
 1.49
 1.66
 1.34
 1.62
 1.21
 1.41
 2.29
 1.62
hydroxyacyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase/3-ketoacyl-Coenzyme A thiolase/enoyl-Coenzyme A hydratase (trifunctional protein), beta subunit
 NM_000183
 1.74
 2.66
 1.53
 0.95
 1.30
 1.36
 1.17
 1.49
 1.27
 1.14
 1.62
 1.42
acetyl-Coenzyme A acyltransferase 2 (mitochondrial 3-oxoacyl-Coenzyme A thiolase)
 NM_006111
 1.58
 1.92
 1.21
 1.06
 1.63
 1.53
 0.89
 1.31
 1.47
 1.18
 2.44
 2.06
acetyl-Coenzyme A acyltransferase 1 (peroxisomal 3-oxoacyl-Coenzyme A thiolase)
 NM_001607
 1.42
 1.62
 1.14
 0.68
 1.47
 2.15
 1.22
 2.07
 1.70
 1.42
 2.01
 1.41
enoyl Coenzyme A hydratase 1, peroxisomal
 NM_001398
 2.28
 2.61
 1.15
 0.99
 2.05
 2.07
 1.16
 1.46
 1.26
 1.44
 1.98
 1.38
Antioxidant












catalase
 NM_001752
 1.51
 2.36
 1.56
 0.68
 1.45
 2.13
 1.06
 1.54
 1.45
 1.69
 2.59
 1.53
vanin 1
 NM_004666
 5.07
 12.92
 2.55
 0.68
 1.91
 2.80
 2.42
 6.02
 2.49
 1.77
 5.70
 3.23
Ketogenesis












3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A synthase 2 (mitochondrial)
 NM_005518
 32.40
 156.62
 4.83
 1.13
 2.51
 2.22
 2.14
 6.57
 3.07
 2.20
 6.53
 2.96
Transport/strage












fatty acid binding protein 1, liver
 NM_001443
 1.39
 2.08
 1.50
 0.18
 1.33
 7.57
 2.73
 6.52
 2.39
 3.52
 10.44
 2.96
adipose differentiation-related protein
 NM_001122
 1.96
 3.44
 1.75
 0.22
 2.90
 13.02
 3.33
 6.06
 1.82
 3.40
 5.73
 1.68
C-terminal linking and modulating protein/PDZ domain containing 1
 NM_002614
 2.16
 3.02
 1.40
 0.52
 2.85
 5.45
 1.03
 2.42
 2.34
 1.98
 3.21
 1.62
lipase, hepatic
 NM_000236
 8.34
 10.39
 1.25
 0.72
 2.89
 4.00
 1.08
 2.47
 2.28
 1.64
 3.99
 2.44
Gluconeogenesis












aquaporin 3
 NM_004925
 3.00
 5.86
 1.95
 0.26
 1.91
 7.38
 1.58
 3.41
 2.16
 1.38
 3.09
 2.24
glycerol kinase
 NM_000167
 0.87
 1.57
 1.79
 0.73
 0.79
 1.08
 1.00
 1.21
 1.21
 1.84
 3.17
 1.73
phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (soluble)
 NM_002591
 6.39
 17.90
 2.80
 0.83
 4.64
 5.56
 6.94
 29.19
 4.20
 34.46
 110.78
 3.21
Metabolism












angiopoietin-like protein 4
 NM_016109
 1.71
 17.97
 10.54
 3.00
 25.67
 8.56
 1.24
 7.27
 5.84
 3.88
 33.56
 8.66
heme oxygenase (decycling) 1
 NM_002133
 1.25
 2.21
 1.77
 0.66
 1.25
 1.90
 1.31
 2.20
 1.68
 2.18
 4.20
 1.93
biliverdin reductase B (flavin reductase (NADPH))
 NM_000713
 1.07
 1.65
 1.55
 0.84
 0.86
 1.03
 0.87
 1.58
 1.81
 1.36
 4.03
 2.97
sulfotransferase family, cytosolic, 2A, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) -preferring, member 1
 NM_003167
 2.61
 2.86
 1.10
 0.70
 2.08
 2.98
 0.95
 1.76
 1.85
 1.71
 1.68
 0.98
abhydrolase domain containing 3
 NM_138340
 1.68
 3.51
 2.08
 0.54
 2.16
 3.96
 1.76
 3.30
 1.88
 2.01
 3.99
 1.99

Tachibana et al. Nuclear Receptor 2005 3:3   doi:10.1186/1478-1336-3-3